Variation of Free Residual Chlorine in the Drinking Water Distribution Network of Santa Ana, Huancavelica

Abstract

Free residual chlorine is a fundamental indicator of the sanitary quality of drinking water because it ensures the persistence of the disinfection process throughout distribution and contributes to the protection of public health. In this context, the aim of this study was to evaluate the variation of free residual chlorine in the drinking water network of the Santa Ana neighborhood, Huancavelica. The research was applied in nature, with a quantitative approach and an explanatory level. The study population consisted of the drinking water distribution network, considering a sample of 180 households supplied by the Millpo and Ichu water sources. Free residual chlorine concentration was determined through direct measurements using a digital colorimeter at different monitoring points distributed from the reservoirs to the farthest sectors of the network. The results showed a progressive decrease in free residual chlorine concentration as the distance from the reservoirs increased. In the Millpo supply system, the average concentration decreased from 1.78 mg/L to 1.09 mg/L, whereas in the Ichu supply system it decreased from 1.96 mg/L to 1.51 mg/L. Statistical analysis revealed significant differences among the evaluated monitoring points (p < 0.05). It was concluded that there is a significant variation in free residual chlorine throughout the distribution network and that the recorded concentrations exceed the recommended values for human consumption, highlighting the need to optimize chlorine dosing and operational control within the drinking water supply system.